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Molluscs as a new model system in molecular biology
Ber, Tobiáš ; Svoboda, Petr (advisor) ; Pergner, Jiří (referee)
Molluscs form the second largest animal phylum and are of great biological and economic significance. Their distinct evolutionary adaptations enabled them to inhabit a broad range of environments, with many of them invading new areas and becoming invasive pest species. Despite their importance, molluscan model systems have not received attention they deserve. In this bachelor thesis, I have reviewed the current state of molluscan model systems in molecular biology and analyzed their significance for more common use. From available data, it is apparent that the already established molluscan models are either marine or fresh-water, and therefore require more complex logistics and maintenance in order to set up a laboratory culture. To remedy the problem of aquaculture, the use of terrestrial gastropods was proposed. Here, I suggest that gastropods genus Deroceras have a good potential to become a new prominent molluscan model system in molecular biology.
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Comparison of Natural and Human-influenced Malacocenoses of the Krasíkov Village
Šiřinová, Veronika ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Podroužková, Štěpánka (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare natural and human-influenced malacocenoses in the vicinity of the villages Krasíkov and Domaslav in the district of Tachov, Czech Republic. Inventory research was conducted between 2012 and 2013. A total of 36 gastropod species were found, and a total of 1088 snail shells were collected. On some of the surveyed sites (the farm Krasíkov, Domaslav, the pond near Ovčí vrch) the influence of anthropic stress is evident. Four species found during this study are also listed in the Red List of Threatened Species of the Czech Republic (Aegopinella nitidula, Balea perversa, Ena montana, Vertigo pusilla). Based on the results of the research, two variants of the didactic use of a such malacological research were created in the teaching of natural science and biology. Keywords: Mollusca, Gastropoda, malacocenosis, species diversity, ecology of mollusk assemblages, Krasíkov.
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The influence of geology to the diversity of molluscan assemblages
Krajinčáková, Lucie Linda ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Myšák, Jan (referee)
Molluscan populations are influenced by various factors of environment where they occur. In my work I am taking particular atention of soil properties, which are directly influenced by the geological substrate, and of course other factors which are with soil properties either directly or indirectly related. The important benchmarks are especially moisture, pH, calcium content and vegetation cover. This bachelor thesis also deals with utilization of calcium salts. Geological substrate is closely linked with the diversity and abundance of molluscan populations. Various pedochemical factors affect molluscan communities whether it is the amount of calcium in the soil or a pH value. In the past different authors found different dependencies between environmental factors, species composition and diversity of molluscan communities. Most of the studies were focused on very specific habitats and locations. In this thesis I tried to organize our knowledge about the specific effects of various environmental factors, especialy compositíon of geological substrate on malakofauna. Key words: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Geological substrate, diversity
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On the Nothernmost and Southernmost Limits of European Land Snail Spatial Ranges
Křepelová, Lucie ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horsák, Michal (referee)
The aim of this work was to evaluate the limits of ranges of European land snail species along the north-south gradient. To work out the document it was necessary to prepare the set of digitalized maps, that enabled to create the database of ranges of the individual land snails species. Based on obtained data I tried to identify places where the northern and southern borders of species ranges are the most frequent. The landsnails' ranges are affected not only by particular life requirements of the individual species (potential limits), but also by other conditions, especially climatic, geographical and historical (truncated limits). In this work I focused on their differentiation. Above mentioned process also enabled me to track the north- south changes in species richness of the landsnails taking into consideration the truncated and potential limits. The most important natural barriers constraining that numerous of species cannot naturally widespread from the south to the north are the Scandinavian Mountains, the Alpes and the Carpathians and suprisingly also southern borders of german and polish lowlands. On the other hand, spreading of the species form the north to the south is limited only by the Alpes. I also tried to distinguish the group of species whose ranges are not influenced by these...
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Shape, surface and microstructural characteristics of landsnail shells and theirs function.
Holubová, Anna ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee)
Snails are popular group of invertebrates which intrigues people with their shell. Land snail shells take a variety of shapes and colors, their surface is covered by various surface structures. Shape of the shell is often afected by the environment in which snails live. Elongated shells are found on snails crawling along vertical surfaces, however snails with flattened shells crawl primarily on a horizontal surface. Keeled snails often hide in cracks in the rocks and under stones. Just as the shape is affected by the environment, so can the environment affect the surface structure and microstructure of the shell. We can find a snail with a shell that is covered with hairs in a humid environment and snails with thick periostracal layer in acidic one. The findings summarized in this thesis can be helpful to paleontological reconstructions of the environment, and in morphological identification of recent species by their shells.
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Comparison of Natural and Human-influenced Malacocenoses of the Krasíkov Village
Šiřinová, Veronika ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Podroužková, Štěpánka (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare natural and human-influenced malacocenoses in the vicinity of the villages Krasíkov and Domaslav in the district of Tachov, Czech Republic. Inventory research was conducted between 2012 and 2013. A total of 36 gastropod species were found, and a total of 1088 snail shells were collected. On some of the surveyed sites (the farm Krasíkov, Domaslav, the pond near Ovčí vrch) the influence of anthropic stress is evident. Four species found during this study are also listed in the Red List of Threatened Species of the Czech Republic (Aegopinella nitidula, Balea perversa, Ena montana, Vertigo pusilla). Based on the results of the research, two variants of the didactic use of a such malacological research were created in the teaching of natural science and biology. Keywords: Mollusca, Gastropoda, malacocenosis, species diversity, ecology of mollusk assemblages, Krasíkov.
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The influence of geology to the diversity of molluscan assemblages
Krajinčáková, Lucie Linda ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Myšák, Jan (referee)
Molluscan populations are influenced by various factors of environment where they occur. In my work I am taking particular atention of soil properties, which are directly influenced by the geological substrate, and of course other factors which are with soil properties either directly or indirectly related. The important benchmarks are especially moisture, pH, calcium content and vegetation cover. This bachelor thesis also deals with utilization of calcium salts. Geological substrate is closely linked with the diversity and abundance of molluscan populations. Various pedochemical factors affect molluscan communities whether it is the amount of calcium in the soil or a pH value. In the past different authors found different dependencies between environmental factors, species composition and diversity of molluscan communities. Most of the studies were focused on very specific habitats and locations. In this thesis I tried to organize our knowledge about the specific effects of various environmental factors, especialy compositíon of geological substrate on malakofauna. Key words: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Geological substrate, diversity
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Food preferences of land snails in a river flood-plain invoved with invasive plants
Ševčíková, Štěpánka ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Čejka, Tomáš (referee)
Food preferences to five most widespread invasive plant species from river floodplains: Impatiens glandulifera, Helianthus tuberosus, Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis a F.x bohemica and one native species - U. dioica were studied on two common land snail species. Using three different methods I tried to recognize, whether or not these plants serve as a food source to Succinea putris and Urticicola umbrosus. From histological sectionsit was impossible to identify the plants. The majority of plants don`t provide structures usable for identification of plant in the snail maces. I was able to identify only H. tuberosus and U. dioica undoubtedly, thanks to trichomes. According to the results of laboratory tests, the most important factors for snails food preferences are plant species and the condition of plant material. U. umbrosus consumed much less fresh material than S. putris. Consumption of frozen leaves became larger for both species. The most preffered plant species were U. dioica and H. tuberosus. Only frozen I. glandulifera was consumed. Fallopia spp. were rejected both, fresh or frozen.
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On the Nothernmost and Southernmost Limits of European Land Snail Spatial Ranges
Křepelová, Lucie ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horsák, Michal (referee)
The aim of this work was to evaluate the limits of ranges of European land snail species along the north-south gradient. To work out the document it was necessary to prepare the set of digitalized maps, that enabled to create the database of ranges of the individual land snails species. Based on obtained data I tried to identify places where the northern and southern borders of species ranges are the most frequent. The landsnails' ranges are affected not only by particular life requirements of the individual species (potential limits), but also by other conditions, especially climatic, geographical and historical (truncated limits). In this work I focused on their differentiation. Above mentioned process also enabled me to track the north- south changes in species richness of the landsnails taking into consideration the truncated and potential limits. The most important natural barriers constraining that numerous of species cannot naturally widespread from the south to the north are the Scandinavian Mountains, the Alpes and the Carpathians and suprisingly also southern borders of german and polish lowlands. On the other hand, spreading of the species form the north to the south is limited only by the Alpes. I also tried to distinguish the group of species whose ranges are not influenced by these...
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